INCI Ingredient Dictionary

INCI is the shared international naming system for the ingredients printed on cosmetic packaging; the same substance carries the same name in every country. This dictionary explains the substances that raise questions about halal status: which ones may be animal-derived, and which ones have "alcohol" in the name without being drinking alcohol.

What this dictionary does and does not do

A label does not state where a substance came from. Very common substances such as glycerin and stearic acid may be either vegetable or animal; what is given here is therefore not a ruling but a description of what you should ask. For a definite status, consult the product's halal certificate or the manufacturer.

Analyse a label

Paste the product's ingredient list as it is; the substances found in the dictionary are explained below.

Dictionary

357 substances

  • Glycerin

    Doubtful

    Glycerin

    Function: Humectant

    The most common humectant in cosmetics. It can be made from vegetable oils (palm, coconut, soy), from animal fat or petrochemically; the label does not state the source. Unless it is marked as vegetable, the source needs to be verified.

  • Stearic Acid

    Doubtful

    Stearic Acid

    Function: Emulsifier, thickener

    A saturated fatty acid obtained both from vegetable oils and from animal tallow. Very common in soaps, creams and deodorants; the source cannot be known without asking the manufacturer.

  • Glyceryl Stearate

    Doubtful

    Glyceryl Stearate

    Function: Emulsifier

    Formed from glycerin and stearic acid, so the source of both components matters. It holds oil and water together in creams.

  • Magnesium Stearate

    Doubtful

    Magnesium Stearate

    Function: Filler, lubricant

    The magnesium salt of stearic acid, used in powders and eyeshadows. Depends on the source of the stearic acid.

  • Sodium Stearate

    Doubtful

    Sodium Stearate

    Function: Soap base, thickener

    The base of bar soaps and stick deodorants. As the sodium salt of stearic acid it carries the same uncertainty of origin.

  • Cetearyl Alcohol

    Doubtful

    Cetearyl Alcohol

    Function: Emollient, thickener

    IMPORTANT: despite the name, this is NOT the ethanol found in alcoholic drinks; it is a solid fatty alcohol derived from fatty acids and is not intoxicating. The question is only whether its source is animal.

  • Cetyl Alcohol

    Doubtful

    Cetyl Alcohol

    Function: Emollient

    Like cetearyl alcohol this is a fatty alcohol, not drinking alcohol. It may come from coconut or palm oil, but also from animal fat.

  • Stearyl Alcohol

    Doubtful

    Stearyl Alcohol

    Function: Emollient, thickener

    A fatty alcohol made from stearic acid; not an intoxicating alcohol. Its origin carries the same uncertainty as stearic acid.

  • Oleic Acid

    Doubtful

    Oleic Acid

    Function: Emollient, emulsifier

    A monounsaturated fatty acid abundant in olive oil, also obtained from animal fats.

  • Palmitic Acid

    Doubtful

    Palmitic Acid

    Function: Emollient

    Named after palm oil but also present in animal fats; the label does not state the source.

  • Myristic Acid

    Doubtful

    Myristic Acid

    Function: Cleanser, foaming agent

    Found in coconut and palm kernel oil; it can also come from animal sources such as milk fat.

  • Lauric Acid

    Doubtful

    Lauric Acid

    Function: Cleanser

    Usually produced from coconut oil, but it cannot be confirmed without a statement of origin.

  • Sodium Lauryl Sulfate

    Doubtful

    Sodium Lauryl Sulfate

    Function: Foaming agent, cleanser

    The main foaming agent in shampoos and shower gels. Usually made from coconut or palm oil, though an animal source is possible via lauric acid.

  • Sodium Laureth Sulfate

    Doubtful

    Sodium Laureth Sulfate

    Function: Foaming agent

    A milder derivative of SLS made from the same fatty acid chain, with the same uncertainty of origin.

  • Cocamidopropyl Betaine

    Doubtful

    Cocamidopropyl Betaine

    Function: Foam booster

    Named after coconut and usually vegetable-derived; its intermediate dimethylaminopropylamine is synthetic.

  • Polysorbate 80

    Doubtful

    Polysorbate 80

    Function: Emulsifier, solubiliser

    Made from sorbitol and oleic acid. The oleic acid may be of vegetable or animal origin (the same substance as E433 in food).

  • Sorbitan Stearate

    Doubtful

    Sorbitan Stearate

    Function: Emulsifier

    A compound of sorbitol and stearic acid, the same as E491 in food. Depends on the source of the stearic acid.

  • Lecithin

    Doubtful

    Lecithin

    Function: Emulsifier

    Mostly obtained from soy and sunflower; egg yolk is also a classic source.

  • Squalane

    Doubtful

    Squalane

    Function: Emollient

    Traditionally sourced from shark liver oil; today most producers obtain it from olives or sugarcane. If the label does not say "plant-derived squalane", the source should be asked.

  • Cholesterol

    Doubtful

    Cholesterol

    Function: Skin barrier repair

    Cholesterol used in cosmetics is typically obtained from sheep wool (lanolin) or animal tissue; plant-based production is not common.

  • Ceramide NP

    Doubtful

    Ceramide NP

    Function: Skin barrier repair

    Today mostly produced by yeast fermentation, though types extracted from animal tissue also exist.

  • Sodium Tallowate

    Doubtful

    Sodium Tallowate

    Function: Soap base

    Made by saponifying animal tallow directly. Unless the animal species and the method of slaughter are known the status is uncertain; if seen on a label, ask the manufacturer.

  • Lanolin

    Doubtful

    Lanolin

    Function: Emollient, protective barrier

    A waxy fat obtained from sheep wool. It is taken from shorn wool without slaughtering the animal, which is why many boards accept it. Check the product's certificate for a definite status.

  • Carmine

    Doubtful

    Carmine

    Function: Red colourant

    A red dye made from dried and crushed cochineal insects, the classic colour of lipsticks and blushes. The same substance as E120 in food. Scholars differ on the consumption of insects.

  • Collagen

    Doubtful

    Collagen

    Function: Humectant, plumping agent

    Traditionally obtained from bovine or fish skin and cartilage. Marine collagen is usually stated on the label; if it is not, the source should be asked.

  • Elastin

    Doubtful

    Elastin

    Function: Skin elasticity

    A protein obtained from animal connective tissue; there is no plant equivalent.

  • Keratin

    Doubtful

    Keratin

    Function: Hair repair

    A protein obtained from wool, horn, nails and feathers. Common in hair care; the source animal is not stated.

  • Hydrolyzed Silk

    Doubtful

    Hydrolyzed Silk

    Function: Hair and skin conditioner

    Obtained from silkworm cocoons. Opinions differ because the insect is killed when the silk is harvested.

  • Snail Secretion Filtrate

    Doubtful

    Snail Secretion Filtrate

    Function: Repairing, moisturising

    Mucus collected from live snails. Some opinions treat it separately because the animal itself is not consumed; consult a competent board for a definite ruling.

  • Placental Protein

    Doubtful

    Placental Protein

    Function: Anti-ageing

    Obtained from mammalian placenta, commonly ovine. Its use is disputed unless the source and the method of extraction are clearly documented.

  • Cera Alba

    Halal

    Beeswax

    Function: Thickener, barrier

    A natural wax from honeycomb, the same substance as E901 in food. Bee products are generally accepted.

  • Mel

    Halal

    Honey

    Function: Humectant

    Natural honey, used as a humectant and soothing agent in masks and lip products.

  • Propolis Extract

    Halal

    Propolis Extract

    Function: Soothing, preservative

    A resinous substance bees use to build the hive, originating from plant resins.

  • Royal Jelly

    Halal

    Royal Jelly

    Function: Nourishing

    The nutrient secreted by worker bees. Bee products are generally accepted.

  • Shellac

    Doubtful

    Shellac

    Function: Film former, glazing agent

    A resin from the secretion of the lac insect, used in nail polish and mascara. The same as E904 in food.

  • Guanine

    Doubtful

    Guanine

    Function: Pearlescent effect

    A pearlescent agent obtained from fish scales, also listed as CI 75170.

  • Chitosan

    Doubtful

    Chitosan

    Function: Film former, hair fixative

    Obtained from shrimp and crab shells, though fungal production also exists. Rulings on shellfish differ between schools of law.

  • Gelatin

    Doubtful

    Gelatin

    Function: Film former, thickener

    A protein from animal skin and bone. Whether the source is porcine or bovine, and if bovine the method of slaughter, is decisive; the label does not say.

  • Sodium Hyaluronate

    Doubtful

    Sodium Hyaluronate

    Function: Humectant

    Today almost all of it is produced by bacterial fermentation; the older method extracted it from rooster combs. If fermentation origin is confirmed, no issue remains.

  • Allantoin

    Doubtful

    Allantoin

    Function: Soothing, repairing

    Produced synthetically or from comfrey root; the historical method using bovine urine is no longer common.

  • Milk Protein

    Halal

    Milk Protein

    Function: Nourishing, repairing

    A protein obtained from milk. Dairy is generally accepted; for derivatives involving rennet, the source of the rennet should be asked.

  • Lactose

    Halal

    Lactose

    Function: Humectant, filler

    Milk sugar, dairy-derived and generally accepted.

  • Musk

    Doubtful

    Musk

    Function: Fragrance

    True musk comes from the gland of the musk deer and requires killing the animal; today the vast majority of musk in perfumes is synthetic. If "Musk" appears on a label, ask whether it is synthetic or natural.

  • Ambergris

    Doubtful

    Ambergris

    Function: Fragrance fixative

    A substance formed in the digestive system of the sperm whale and found at sea. Because it is very expensive, modern perfumes generally use a synthetic equivalent.

  • Alcohol Denat.

    Doubtful

    Alcohol Denat.

    Function: Solvent, astringent

    Ethyl alcohol denatured to make it undrinkable. It is the main solvent in perfumes, toners and sprays. It is the same molecule as intoxicating alcohol, so opinions differ on applying it to the skin and halal cosmetic standards generally restrict it.

  • Benzyl Alcohol

    Plant-based

    Benzyl Alcohol

    Function: Preservative, solvent

    Despite the name this is NOT intoxicating ethyl alcohol; it is an aromatic alcohol found naturally in jasmine and clove oil, used at low levels as a preservative.

  • Phenoxyethanol

    Plant-based

    Phenoxyethanol

    Function: Preservative

    A synthetic preservative that became widespread as an alternative to parabens. It is not an intoxicating alcohol and also occurs naturally in green tea.

  • Aqua

    Halal

    Water

    Function: Solvent

    Purified water, the first and largest component of almost every cosmetic product.

  • Butyrospermum Parkii Butter

    Plant-based

    Shea Butter

    Function: Emollient

    A solid vegetable fat from the seeds of the African shea tree.

  • Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil

    Plant-based

    Argan Oil

    Function: Nourishing oil

    A vegetable oil pressed from the kernels of the Moroccan argan tree.

  • Olea Europaea Fruit Oil

    Plant-based

    Olive Oil

    Function: Emollient

    A vegetable oil obtained from the olive fruit.

  • Cocos Nucifera Oil

    Plant-based

    Coconut Oil

    Function: Emollient, cleanser

    A vegetable oil from coconut flesh, also the raw material for many surfactants.

  • Simmondsia Chinensis Seed Oil

    Plant-based

    Jojoba Oil

    Function: Emollient

    A vegetable oil from jojoba seeds, chemically a liquid wax.

  • Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice

    Plant-based

    Aloe Vera Leaf Juice

    Function: Soothing, moisturising

    The juice obtained from the gel inside the aloe vera leaf.

  • Rosa Damascena Flower Water

    Plant-based

    Rose Water

    Function: Toner, fragrance

    Water obtained by distilling rose petals.

  • Zinc Oxide

    Halal

    Zinc Oxide

    Function: Sunscreen, opacifier

    A mineral sunscreen and the active ingredient in nappy rash creams. It has no animal or alcohol origin.

  • Titanium Dioxide

    Doubtful

    Titanium Dioxide

    Function: White pigment, sunscreen

    A mineral white pigment and sunscreen. Its origin is not animal, but the same substance (E171) is BANNED as a food additive in the EU. The ban concerns food and its cosmetic use continues; it is marked doubtful here because of the health question.

  • Kaolin

    Halal

    Kaolin

    Function: Absorbent, mask base

    A natural clay mineral, the base of masks and powders.

  • Mica

    Halal

    Mica

    Function: Shimmer agent

    A natural mineral giving shimmer in eyeshadows and highlighters.

  • Sodium Chloride

    Halal

    Sodium Chloride

    Function: Thickener

    Table salt, used in shampoos to adjust viscosity.

  • Citric Acid

    Halal

    Citric Acid

    Function: pH adjuster

    Today produced by microbial fermentation; the same substance as E330 in food.

  • Tocopherol

    Plant-based

    Tocopherol

    Function: Antioxidant

    Natural vitamin E; the cosmetic grade is generally obtained from soy, sunflower and wheat germ oil.

  • Panthenol

    Plant-based

    Panthenol

    Function: Humectant, repairing

    Provitamin B5, produced synthetically with no animal source.

  • Glycolic Acid

    Plant-based

    Glycolic Acid

    Function: Exfoliant (AHA)

    A fruit acid obtained from sugarcane or produced synthetically.

  • Salicylic Acid

    Plant-based

    Salicylic Acid

    Function: Exfoliant (BHA), acne

    A beta hydroxy acid obtainable from willow bark, mostly produced synthetically.

  • Niacinamide

    Plant-based

    Niacinamide

    Function: Brightening, pore care

    A vitamin B3 derivative, produced synthetically.

  • Carbomer

    Plant-based

    Carbomer

    Function: Gelling agent

    A synthetic polymer that provides gel texture. It has no animal source.

  • Dimethicone

    Plant-based

    Dimethicone

    Function: Silicone, slip agent

    A silicone-based synthetic giving slip on hair and skin. It has no animal source.

  • Parfum

    Doubtful

    Fragrance

    Function: Fragrance

    Not a single substance but a blend of dozens of components whose composition is not disclosed as a trade secret. The blend may contain animal-derived components (musk, ambergris) and ethyl alcohol as a carrier.

  • Cetrimonium Chloride

    Doubtful

    Cetrimonium chloride

    Function: Hair conditioning, antistatic

    A cationic agent derived from cetyl alcohol. Since cetyl alcohol can come from plant oils or animal tallow, the source cannot be determined without asking the manufacturer.

  • Behentrimonium Chloride

    Doubtful

    Behentrimonium chloride

    Function: Hair conditioning, antistatic

    A behenic acid derivative. Behenic acid usually comes from rapeseed or ben oil, but with fatty acid derivatives an animal source is always possible.

  • Stearalkonium Chloride

    Doubtful

    Stearalkonium chloride

    Function: Hair conditioning, antistatic

    A stearic acid derivative; stearic acid is produced both from plant oils and from animal tallow.

  • PEG-100 Stearate

    Doubtful

    PEG-100 stearate

    Function: Emulsifier

    A polyethylene glycol ester of stearic acid. The stearic acid portion may be plant or animal derived.

  • Ceteareth-20

    Doubtful

    Ceteareth-20

    Function: Emulsifier

    Ethoxylated cetearyl alcohol; cetearyl alcohol may be of plant or animal origin.

  • Steareth-20

    Doubtful

    Steareth-20

    Function: Emulsifier

    Ethoxylated stearyl alcohol; the source may be plant or animal.

  • Polysorbate 20

    Doubtful

    Polysorbate 20

    Function: Emulsifier, solubiliser

    Made from sorbitol and lauric acid. Lauric acid usually comes from coconut or palm, but the label does not state the source.

  • Sorbitan Olivate

    Plant-based

    Sorbitan olivate

    Function: Emulsifier

    A sorbitan ester of olive oil fatty acids; the name carries its source.

  • Isopropyl Myristate

    Doubtful

    Isopropyl myristate

    Function: Emollient

    A myristic acid ester. Myristic acid is abundant in coconut and palm but can also be produced from animal fats.

  • Ethylhexyl Stearate

    Doubtful

    Ethylhexyl stearate

    Function: Emollient

    A stearic acid ester; the stearic acid may be plant or animal derived.

  • Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride

    Doubtful

    Caprylic/capric triglyceride

    Function: Emollient, carrier

    In cosmetics it is almost always made from fractionated coconut oil, though a triglyceride can in theory also come from animal fat. Certified products document the source.

  • Octyldodecanol

    Doubtful

    Octyldodecanol

    Function: Emollient, solvent

    A fatty alcohol; the source may be plant oil or animal fat.

  • Zinc Stearate

    Doubtful

    Zinc stearate

    Function: Anticaking, slip agent

    The zinc salt of stearic acid; the stearic acid portion may be animal derived.

  • Glyceryl Oleate

    Doubtful

    Glyceryl oleate

    Function: Emulsifier, emollient

    An ester of glycerin and oleic acid; both components may be plant or animal derived.

  • Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate

    Plant-based

    Sodium cocoyl isethionate

    Function: Surfactant, cleansing

    The "cocoyl" in its name denotes coconut fatty acid; it is a milder cleanser than harsh soaps.

  • Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate

    Plant-based

    Sodium cocoyl glutamate

    Function: Surfactant

    A mild amino acid surfactant made from coconut fatty acid and glutamic acid.

  • Decyl Glucoside

    Plant-based

    Decyl glucoside

    Function: Surfactant

    A mild sugar-based surfactant made from glucose and plant fatty alcohol.

  • Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate

    Plant-based

    Disodium cocoamphodiacetate

    Function: Surfactant

    An amphoteric surfactant made from coconut fatty acid; common in baby shampoos.

  • Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate

    Doubtful

    Sodium methyl cocoyl taurate

    Function: Surfactant

    A compound of coconut fatty acid and taurine. Taurine is synthetic today, but its source is not stated on cosmetic labels.

  • Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate

    Plant-based

    Disodium laureth sulfosuccinate

    Function: Surfactant

    A lauric acid based surfactant, milder than sulfates.

  • Methylparaben

    Plant-based

    Methylparaben

    Function: Preservative

    A synthetically produced parahydroxybenzoate ester; contains no animal source.

  • Sodium Benzoate

    Plant-based

    Sodium benzoate

    Function: Preservative

    The sodium salt of benzoic acid; synthetically produced and listed as E211 in food.

  • Potassium Sorbate

    Plant-based

    Potassium sorbate

    Function: Preservative

    The potassium salt of sorbic acid; synthetically produced, listed as E202 in food.

  • Disodium EDTA

    Plant-based

    Disodium EDTA

    Function: Chelating agent

    A fully synthetic chelating agent; it binds metal ions and delays product spoilage.

  • Phenethyl Alcohol

    Plant-based

    Phenethyl alcohol

    Function: Preservative, fragrance

    An aromatic alcohol naturally present in rose oil; it is not in the class of drinkable alcohol (ethanol).

  • Ethylhexylglycerin

    Doubtful

    Ethylhexylglycerin

    Function: Preservative booster, humectant

    A glycerin derivative; the glycerin portion may come from plant or animal fat.

  • Caprylyl Glycol

    Plant-based

    Caprylyl glycol

    Function: Preservative booster, humectant

    Derived from caprylic acid; usually sourced from coconut or palm kernel.

  • Chlorphenesin

    Plant-based

    Chlorphenesin

    Function: Preservative

    A synthetic antimicrobial preservative.

  • Dehydroacetic Acid

    Plant-based

    Dehydroacetic acid

    Function: Preservative

    A synthetic preservative; also accepted in natural cosmetic certifications.

  • DMDM Hydantoin

    Plant-based

    DMDM hydantoin

    Function: Preservative

    A synthetic formaldehyde-releasing preservative. It poses no halal issue, but is debated because it can irritate sensitive skin.

  • Methylisothiazolinone

    Plant-based

    Methylisothiazolinone

    Function: Preservative

    A synthetic preservative. No halal issue; banned in leave-on products in Europe due to allergy risk.

  • Cyclopentasiloxane

    Plant-based

    Cyclopentasiloxane

    Function: Emollient, slip agent

    A silicon-based synthetic silicone; contains no animal source.

  • Dimethiconol

    Plant-based

    Dimethiconol

    Function: Hair conditioning, film former

    A synthetic silicone derivative.

  • Hydrogenated Polyisobutene

    Plant-based

    Hydrogenated polyisobutene

    Function: Emollient

    A synthetic emollient of petrochemical origin; no animal content.

  • Paraffinum Liquidum

    Plant-based

    Mineral oil

    Function: Emollient, barrier

    A refined mineral (petroleum) oil; neither plant nor animal but mineral, and poses no halal issue.

  • Cera Microcristallina

    Plant-based

    Microcrystalline wax

    Function: Thickener, wax

    A mineral wax of petroleum origin; unlike beeswax it is not animal derived.

  • Euphorbia Cerifera (Candelilla) Wax

    Plant-based

    Candelilla wax

    Function: Thickener, wax

    A wax obtained from the candelilla plant of Mexico; the plant-based alternative to beeswax.

  • Copernicia Cerifera (Carnauba) Wax

    Plant-based

    Carnauba wax

    Function: Thickener, gloss agent

    A plant wax obtained from the leaves of the Brazilian carnauba palm.

  • Hydrogenated Castor Oil

    Plant-based

    Hydrogenated castor oil

    Function: Thickener, emollient

    The hydrogenated form of castor oil; entirely plant based.

  • Butylene Glycol

    Plant-based

    Butylene glycol

    Function: Humectant, solvent

    A glycol produced synthetically or by sugar fermentation; it is not in the drinkable alcohol class.

  • Sorbitol

    Plant-based

    Sorbitol

    Function: Humectant

    A sugar alcohol produced from plant sources such as corn starch.

  • Urea

    Plant-based

    Urea

    Function: Humectant

    The urea used in cosmetics is synthetically produced; despite the name it is not obtained from urine.

  • Betaine

    Plant-based

    Betaine

    Function: Humectant

    A natural humectant obtained from sugar beet.

  • Sodium PCA

    Doubtful

    Sodium PCA

    Function: Humectant

    The salt of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid. Made from glutamic acid, whose source may be fermentation or hydrolysis.

  • Trehalose

    Plant-based

    Trehalose

    Function: Humectant

    A disaccharide produced enzymatically from starch.

  • Glycine

    Doubtful

    Glycine

    Function: Humectant, buffering

    The simplest amino acid. Synthetic production is common, but it can also come from collagen hydrolysis, so the source must be verified.

  • Cysteine

    Doubtful

    Cysteine

    Function: Hair treatment, antioxidant

    The amino acid to watch most closely in cosmetics: traditionally obtained by hydrolysis from human hair, poultry feathers or hog bristle. It is also produced by microbial fermentation today, but the source is not on the label and must be asked of the manufacturer.

  • Arginine

    Doubtful

    Arginine

    Function: pH adjuster, hair conditioning

    An amino acid; synthetic and fermentation production are common, but hydrolysis of animal protein is also a source.

  • Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane

    Plant-based

    Avobenzone

    Function: UVA filter

    A synthetic organic sunscreen filter.

  • Octocrylene

    Plant-based

    Octocrylene

    Function: UVB filter

    A synthetic organic sunscreen filter; also used to stabilise avobenzone.

  • Homosalate

    Plant-based

    Homosalate

    Function: UVB filter

    A synthetic sunscreen filter based on salicylic acid.

  • Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate

    Plant-based

    Octinoxate

    Function: UVB filter

    A synthetic organic sunscreen filter.

  • Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine

    Plant-based

    Broad spectrum triazine filter

    Function: UVA and UVB filter

    A synthetic broad spectrum sunscreen filter.

  • Retinol

    Doubtful

    Retinol

    Function: Anti-ageing

    The pure form of vitamin A. Cosmetic-grade retinol is usually synthetic, but it can also be produced from animal sources such as fish oil.

  • Ascorbic Acid

    Plant-based

    Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)

    Function: Antioxidant, brightening

    Vitamin C; commercially produced from glucose by fermentation and synthesis.

  • Azelaic Acid

    Plant-based

    Azelaic acid

    Function: Acne and pigmentation care

    A dicarboxylic acid found naturally in grains and commercially synthesised from oleic acid.

  • Kojic Acid

    Plant-based

    Kojic acid

    Function: Brightening

    Produced by fungi during the fermentation of rice.

  • Arbutin

    Plant-based

    Arbutin

    Function: Brightening

    A plant-derived brightening agent found in bearberry leaf.

  • Bakuchiol

    Plant-based

    Bakuchiol

    Function: Anti-ageing

    Obtained from Psoralea corylifolia seed and offered as a plant-based alternative to retinol.

  • Caffeine

    Plant-based

    Caffeine

    Function: Eye care, stimulant

    Obtained from coffee and tea plants or synthesised.

  • Bisabolol

    Plant-based

    Bisabolol

    Function: Soothing

    The main soothing component of chamomile essential oil.

  • Adenosine

    Plant-based

    Adenosine

    Function: Anti-ageing

    Cosmetic-grade adenosine is produced by yeast fermentation.

  • Biotin

    Plant-based

    Biotin

    Function: Hair and skin care

    Vitamin B7; the biotin used in cosmetics is synthetically produced.

  • Menthol

    Plant-based

    Menthol

    Function: Cooling agent

    Obtained from mint oil or synthesised.

  • Centella Asiatica Extract

    Plant-based

    Centella asiatica extract

    Function: Soothing, repairing

    A plant extract of Asian origin, used to soothe irritated skin.

  • Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract

    Plant-based

    Green tea leaf extract

    Function: Antioxidant

    An antioxidant extract from green tea leaf.

  • Chamomilla Recutita Flower Extract

    Plant-based

    Chamomile flower extract

    Function: Soothing

    A soothing extract from chamomile flower.

  • Calendula Officinalis Extract

    Plant-based

    Calendula extract

    Function: Soothing, repairing

    A plant extract from the calendula flower.

  • Lavandula Angustifolia Oil

    Plant-based

    Lavender oil

    Function: Fragrance, soothing

    An essential oil distilled from lavender flowers.

  • Rosmarinus Officinalis Extract

    Plant-based

    Rosemary extract

    Function: Antioxidant, preservative booster

    Obtained from rosemary leaf; it delays the spoilage of oils.

  • Hamamelis Virginiana Extract

    Doubtful

    Witch hazel extract

    Function: Astringent, soothing

    It is plant based, but traditional witch hazel water uses ethyl alcohol as a preservative. Alcohol-free versions also exist.

  • Cucumis Sativus Extract

    Plant-based

    Cucumber extract

    Function: Soothing, moisturising

    An extract from the cucumber fruit.

  • Avena Sativa Kernel Extract

    Plant-based

    Oat kernel extract

    Function: Soothing

    Obtained from the oat kernel; used to reduce irritation in sensitive skin.

  • Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil

    Plant-based

    Sunflower seed oil

    Function: Emollient

    A plant oil pressed from sunflower seed.

  • Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis Oil

    Plant-based

    Sweet almond oil

    Function: Emollient

    A plant oil pressed from sweet almond kernels.

  • Vitis Vinifera Seed Oil

    Plant-based

    Grape seed oil

    Function: Emollient, antioxidant

    A light plant oil pressed from grape seeds. Though it can be a by-product of winemaking, the oil itself contains no alcohol.

  • Persea Gratissima Oil

    Plant-based

    Avocado oil

    Function: Emollient

    A plant oil obtained from the avocado fruit.

  • Macadamia Integrifolia Seed Oil

    Plant-based

    Macadamia oil

    Function: Emollient

    A plant oil pressed from macadamia nuts.

  • Rosa Canina Fruit Oil

    Plant-based

    Rosehip oil

    Function: Emollient, repairing

    A plant oil pressed from rosehip seeds.

  • Oenothera Biennis Oil

    Plant-based

    Evening primrose oil

    Function: Emollient

    A plant oil obtained from evening primrose seed.

  • Nigella Sativa Seed Oil

    Plant-based

    Black seed oil

    Function: Emollient, soothing

    A plant oil pressed from black cumin seed.

  • Glycine Soja Oil

    Plant-based

    Soybean oil

    Function: Emollient

    A plant oil obtained from soybeans.

  • Theobroma Cacao Seed Butter

    Plant-based

    Cocoa butter

    Function: Emollient

    A solid plant fat obtained from cocoa beans.

  • Mangifera Indica Seed Butter

    Plant-based

    Mango butter

    Function: Emollient

    A solid plant fat obtained from mango kernels.

  • Melaleuca Alternifolia Leaf Oil

    Plant-based

    Tea tree oil

    Function: Antimicrobial

    An essential oil distilled from tea tree leaf.

  • Citrus Limon Peel Oil

    Plant-based

    Lemon peel oil

    Function: Fragrance

    An essential oil obtained from lemon peel.

  • Panax Ginseng Root Extract

    Plant-based

    Ginseng root extract

    Function: Revitalising

    A plant extract obtained from ginseng root.

  • Glycyrrhiza Glabra Root Extract

    Plant-based

    Licorice root extract

    Function: Brightening, soothing

    An extract from licorice root, used to even skin tone.

  • Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein

    Plant-based

    Hydrolyzed wheat protein

    Function: Hair and skin conditioning

    A plant protein obtained from wheat; used as an alternative to animal protein.

  • Phytosterols

    Plant-based

    Phytosterols

    Function: Barrier repair

    Plant-derived sterols; the plant counterpart of cholesterol.

  • Xanthan Gum

    Plant-based

    Xanthan gum

    Function: Thickener

    A polysaccharide produced by bacterial fermentation of sugar.

  • Cellulose Gum

    Plant-based

    Cellulose gum

    Function: Thickener

    Produced from plant cellulose.

  • Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba Gum

    Plant-based

    Guar gum

    Function: Thickener

    A plant gum obtained from the guar bean.

  • Sodium Polyacrylate

    Plant-based

    Sodium polyacrylate

    Function: Thickener

    A fully synthetic polymer.

  • Polyquaternium-7

    Plant-based

    Polyquaternium-7

    Function: Hair conditioning, antistatic

    A synthetic cationic polymer.

  • VP/VA Copolymer

    Plant-based

    VP/VA copolymer

    Function: Film former, hair fixative

    A synthetic polymer used in hair sprays.

  • Sodium Hydroxide

    Halal

    Sodium hydroxide

    Function: pH adjuster

    An inorganic base of mineral origin; it has no animal or plant source.

  • Triethanolamine

    Plant-based

    Triethanolamine

    Function: pH adjuster, emulsifier

    A synthetically produced amino alcohol; the "amine" in its name does not indicate an animal source.

  • Lactic Acid

    Plant-based

    Lactic acid

    Function: Exfoliant, pH adjuster

    Commercial lactic acid is produced by bacterial fermentation of sugar or starch. Despite the name, cosmetic grade is not milk derived.

  • Sodium Citrate

    Halal

    Sodium citrate

    Function: Buffer, chelating agent

    The sodium salt of citric acid; citric acid is produced by microbial fermentation.

  • Sodium Phytate

    Plant-based

    Sodium phytate

    Function: Chelating agent

    The salt of phytic acid obtained from grains such as rice bran.

  • CI 77491

    Halal

    Iron oxide (red)

    Function: Colourant

    A mineral iron oxide; today produced synthetically under controlled conditions.

  • CI 77266

    Doubtful

    Carbon black

    Function: Colourant

    Synthetic carbon black is of mineral origin, but animal bone char has historically been used under the same colour index. In eyeliners the source should be queried.

  • CI 19140

    Plant-based

    Tartrazine (yellow)

    Function: Colourant

    A synthetic azo dye; listed as E102 in food.

  • Ultramarines

    Halal

    Ultramarines

    Function: Colourant

    A blue pigment of mineral origin; also produced synthetically.

  • Talc

    Halal

    Talc

    Function: Filler, mattifying

    A natural magnesium silicate mineral.

  • Silica

    Halal

    Silica

    Function: Filler, mattifying

    Silicon dioxide of mineral origin.

  • Boron Nitride

    Halal

    Boron nitride

    Function: Filler, slip agent

    A synthetic mineral powder; it gives makeup a soft texture.

  • Bismuth Oxychloride

    Halal

    Bismuth oxychloride

    Function: Pearlescent pigment

    A mineral pigment giving a pearlescent look; the mineral alternative to guanine.

  • Magnesium Aluminum Silicate

    Halal

    Magnesium aluminum silicate

    Function: Thickener

    A natural clay mineral.

  • Zinc PCA

    Doubtful

    Zinc PCA

    Function: Sebum regulating

    The zinc salt of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid; the source of the acid portion should be verified.

  • Aluminum Chlorohydrate

    Halal

    Aluminum chlorohydrate

    Function: Antiperspirant

    An aluminium salt of mineral origin; it temporarily narrows sweat ducts.

  • Sodium Bicarbonate

    Halal

    Sodium bicarbonate

    Function: pH adjuster, abrasive

    The mineral salt known as baking soda.

  • Magnesium Sulfate

    Halal

    Magnesium sulfate

    Function: Thickener, salt

    The mineral salt known as Epsom salt.

  • Limonene

    Plant-based

    Limonene

    Function: Fragrance component

    A terpene naturally present in citrus peel oils; one of the allergens that must be labelled in Europe.

  • Benzyl Salicylate

    Plant-based

    Benzyl salicylate

    Function: Fragrance component

    A synthetic fragrance component; among the allergens that must be labelled.

  • Squalene

    Doubtful

    Squalene

    Function: Emollient

    Not to be confused with squalane. Squalene is the unsaturated form, traditionally obtained from shark liver oil; olive and sugarcane sourced versions also exist today. If the name ends in -ane it is usually plant based; if -ene, the source must be queried.

  • Cetyl Esters

    Doubtful

    Cetyl esters

    Function: Emollient, wax

    Replaces spermaceti wax, historically obtained from sperm whale oil. The commercial product is synthetic or plant based today, but older formulations may be animal derived.

  • Castoreum

    Doubtful

    Castoreum

    Function: Fragrance

    An animal fragrance material obtained from the castor sacs of beavers. Its source is animal; a halal ruling requires knowing the slaughter and processing conditions.

  • Civet

    Doubtful

    Civet

    Function: Fragrance

    An animal fragrance material taken from the glands of the civet cat; its source is animal.

  • Emu Oil

    Doubtful

    Emu oil

    Function: Emollient

    Obtained from the fat of the emu bird; it is animal derived and the slaughter conditions must be known.

  • Adeps Suillus

    Doubtful

    Lard

    Function: Emollient

    The Latin name for pork fat. This name rarely appears on labels; pork-derived materials usually appear under derivative names such as stearic acid, glycerin or gelatin.

  • Tallow Acid

    Doubtful

    Tallow acid

    Function: Surfactant raw material

    Its name states tallow; it is obtained from beef or mutton fat. The halal ruling depends on whether the animal was slaughtered according to the rules.

  • Cholecalciferol

    Doubtful

    Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)

    Function: Vitamin

    Vitamin D3 is commercially produced from lanolin taken from sheep wool; fish oil sourced versions also exist. Plant-based D3 from lichen is stated separately. D2 (ergocalciferol) is fungal.

  • Hydroxyapatite

    Doubtful

    Hydroxyapatite

    Function: Dental care, remineralisation

    Used in toothpastes. Synthetic production is common, but a version derived from bovine bone is also on the market; the source must be asked of the manufacturer.

  • Chondroitin Sulfate

    Doubtful

    Chondroitin sulfate

    Function: Moisturising

    Obtained from cartilage; bovine trachea and shark cartilage are common sources.

  • Glucosamine

    Doubtful

    Glucosamine

    Function: Moisturising, exfoliant

    Traditionally obtained from shellfish shells; a plant version produced by corn fermentation also exists.

  • Ovum

    Doubtful

    Egg

    Function: Conditioning, film former

    Egg and its derivatives are animal derived. Egg itself is permissible, but the product's certification is assessed separately.

  • Cod Liver Oil

    Doubtful

    Cod liver oil

    Function: Emollient, vitamin source

    Obtained from fish liver. Fish is generally considered permissible, but the other materials used in processing must be inspected.

  • Bone Char

    Doubtful

    Bone char

    Function: Colourant, filtration

    Obtained by charring animal bone; used as a black pigment and for filtration. Rare in INCI lists, but it may appear under CI 77266.

  • Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid

    Doubtful

    Hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid

    Function: Moisturising

    Hyaluronic acid is mostly produced by bacterial fermentation today, but its traditional source is rooster comb. If a fermentation source is not stated, it should be queried.

  • Lanolin Oil

    Doubtful

    Lanolin oil

    Function: Emollient

    The liquid fraction of lanolin obtained from sheep wool. Since it is taken without slaughtering the animal many scholars consider it permissible, though there is disagreement.

  • Hydrolyzed Milk Protein

    Doubtful

    Hydrolyzed milk protein

    Function: Hair and skin conditioning

    Obtained from milk. Milk is permissible, but the source of the enzymes used in hydrolysis must be inspected.

  • Pepsin

    Doubtful

    Pepsin

    Function: Enzyme, exfoliant

    An enzyme obtained from stomach mucosa, most often pig stomach.

  • Papain

    Plant-based

    Papain

    Function: Enzyme, exfoliant

    A plant protease enzyme obtained from the papaya fruit; an alternative to animal enzymes.

  • Bromelain

    Plant-based

    Bromelain

    Function: Enzyme, exfoliant

    A plant protease enzyme obtained from pineapple.

  • Subtilisin

    Plant-based

    Subtilisin

    Function: Enzyme

    An enzyme produced by microbial fermentation from Bacillus bacteria.

  • Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate

    Plant-based

    Galactomyces ferment filtrate

    Function: Skin conditioning

    The filtered liquid of a yeast fermentation; it contains no animal source. Alcohol formed during fermentation is removed at the end of production.

  • Bifida Ferment Lysate

    Plant-based

    Bifida ferment lysate

    Function: Skin conditioning, barrier

    The lysed culture of Bifidobacterium bacteria; it is of microbial origin.

  • Rice Ferment Filtrate

    Doubtful

    Rice ferment filtrate

    Function: Skin conditioning, brightening

    Obtained from rice fermentation. Some versions come from sake (rice wine) production and may contain residual alcohol; the production method should be queried.

  • Acetyl Hexapeptide-8

    Plant-based

    Acetyl hexapeptide-8

    Function: Anti-wrinkle

    A peptide synthesised in the laboratory; it is not obtained from animal tissue.

  • Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4

    Doubtful

    Palmitoyl pentapeptide-4

    Function: Collagen support

    The peptide portion is synthetic, but the palmitoyl portion is a palmitic acid derivative, and palmitic acid can also come from animal fat.

  • Copper Tripeptide-1

    Plant-based

    Copper tripeptide-1

    Function: Repairing

    A synthetically produced copper-bound tripeptide.

  • Mandelic Acid

    Plant-based

    Mandelic acid

    Function: Exfoliant

    An alpha hydroxy acid derived from bitter almond and also produced synthetically.

  • Malic Acid

    Plant-based

    Malic acid

    Function: Exfoliant, pH adjuster

    An acid naturally present in apples and commercially synthesised.

  • Gluconolactone

    Plant-based

    Gluconolactone

    Function: Exfoliant, humectant

    A polyhydroxy acid produced from glucose, milder than AHAs.

  • Ferulic Acid

    Plant-based

    Ferulic acid

    Function: Antioxidant

    A plant antioxidant found in rice bran and grain husks.

  • Resveratrol

    Plant-based

    Resveratrol

    Function: Antioxidant

    A polyphenol obtained from grape skin and Japanese knotweed; though associated with wine as a drink, the substance itself contains no alcohol.

  • Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate

    Plant-based

    Ammonium lauryl sulfate

    Function: Surfactant

    A sulfate surfactant based on lauric acid, which comes from coconut and palm.

  • Sodium Coco-Sulfate

    Plant-based

    Sodium coco-sulfate

    Function: Surfactant

    A sulfate surfactant produced from coconut oil.

  • Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate

    Plant-based

    Sodium C14-16 olefin sulfonate

    Function: Surfactant

    A synthetic surfactant of petrochemical origin.

  • Cocamide MEA

    Plant-based

    Cocamide MEA

    Function: Foam booster, thickener

    A compound of coconut fatty acid and monoethanolamine.

  • Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine

    Plant-based

    Cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine

    Function: Surfactant

    An amphoteric surfactant based on coconut fatty acid.

  • PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate

    Doubtful

    PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate

    Function: Emollient, emulsifier

    It contains coconut fatty acid, but the glyceryl portion may come from plant or animal glycerin.

  • Polyglyceryl-3 Diisostearate

    Doubtful

    Polyglyceryl-3 diisostearate

    Function: Emulsifier

    An ester of polyglycerin and isostearic acid; both components may be animal derived.

  • C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate

    Doubtful

    C12-15 alkyl benzoate

    Function: Emollient

    A fatty alcohol ester of benzoic acid; the fatty alcohol portion may be plant or animal.

  • Dicaprylyl Carbonate

    Plant-based

    Dicaprylyl carbonate

    Function: Emollient

    A light emollient produced from coconut-sourced caprylic alcohol.

  • Isododecane

    Plant-based

    Isododecane

    Function: Solvent, volatile carrier

    A synthetic hydrocarbon of petrochemical origin; used in long-wear makeup.

  • Ethylhexyl Palmitate

    Doubtful

    Ethylhexyl palmitate

    Function: Emollient

    A palmitic acid ester; palmitic acid can come from palm oil or from animal fat.

  • Butyl Stearate

    Doubtful

    Butyl stearate

    Function: Emollient

    A stearic acid ester; the source of the stearic acid must be verified.

  • Sodium Fluoride

    Halal

    Sodium fluoride

    Function: Anticaries

    An inorganic salt of mineral origin.

  • Xylitol

    Plant-based

    Xylitol

    Function: Sweetener, humectant

    A sugar alcohol produced from plant sources such as birch and corn cobs.

  • Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate

    Doubtful

    Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate

    Function: Surfactant

    A compound of lauric acid and sarcosine. Sarcosine is synthetic today, but it is an amino acid derivative related to creatine and the source should be documented.

  • Calcium Carbonate

    Doubtful

    Calcium carbonate

    Function: Abrasive, filler

    Produced from mineral limestone, but versions obtained from seashell and eggshell also exist.

  • Dicalcium Phosphate

    Doubtful

    Dicalcium phosphate

    Function: Abrasive, filler

    It can be produced from mineral phosphate rock but also obtained from animal bone.

  • Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein

    Plant-based

    Hydrolyzed vegetable protein

    Function: Hair and skin conditioning

    Its name carries its plant source; an alternative to animal proteins.

  • Panthenyl Ethyl Ether

    Plant-based

    Panthenyl ethyl ether

    Function: Hair conditioning

    A derivative of panthenol; synthetically produced.

  • Hydrolyzed Conchiolin Protein

    Doubtful

    Hydrolyzed conchiolin protein

    Function: Hair and skin conditioning

    An animal protein obtained from pearl and mollusc shell.

  • Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate

    Plant-based

    Sodium lauroyl lactylate

    Function: Emulsifier

    A plant-based emulsifier produced from lauric acid and lactic acid.

  • Inulin

    Plant-based

    Inulin

    Function: Prebiotic, humectant

    A polysaccharide obtained from plants such as chicory root.

  • Beta-Glucan

    Plant-based

    Beta-glucan

    Function: Soothing, moisturising

    Obtained from oat, mushroom or yeast cell walls; all non-animal sources.

  • Algae Extract

    Plant-based

    Algae extract

    Function: Moisturising, mineral source

    An extract obtained from seaweed; considered plant based.

  • Carrageenan

    Plant-based

    Carrageenan

    Function: Thickener

    A polysaccharide obtained from red seaweed; one of the plant alternatives to gelatin.

  • Agar

    Plant-based

    Agar

    Function: Gelling agent

    A gelling agent obtained from seaweed; the plant counterpart of gelatin.

  • Pectin

    Plant-based

    Pectin

    Function: Thickener

    A plant polysaccharide obtained from citrus peel and apple.

  • Sodium Alginate

    Plant-based

    Sodium alginate

    Function: Thickener, film former

    Obtained from brown seaweed; common in mask formulations.

  • Tromethamine

    Plant-based

    Tromethamine

    Function: pH adjuster

    A synthetically produced buffering agent.

  • Polysilicone-11

    Plant-based

    Polysilicone-11

    Function: Film former

    A synthetic silicone polymer.

  • Nylon-12

    Plant-based

    Nylon-12

    Function: Filler, slip agent

    A synthetic polymer powder; used in makeup to reduce the look of pores.

  • Potassium Cocoate

    Plant-based

    Potassium cocoate

    Function: Soap base

    Obtained by saponifying coconut oil with potassium hydroxide; the base of liquid plant soaps.

  • Sucrose Stearate

    Doubtful

    Sucrose stearate

    Function: Emulsifier

    An ester of sugar and stearic acid; the stearic acid portion may be animal derived.

  • Ascorbyl Palmitate

    Doubtful

    Ascorbyl palmitate

    Function: Antioxidant

    An ester of vitamin C and palmitic acid; the source of the palmitic acid portion must be verified.

  • BHT

    Plant-based

    BHT

    Function: Antioxidant

    A synthetic antioxidant; it delays the spoilage of oils and is listed as E321 in food.

  • Sodium Saccharin

    Plant-based

    Sodium saccharin

    Function: Sweetener

    A synthetic sweetener used to flavour toothpastes; listed as E954 in food.

  • p-Phenylenediamine

    Plant-based

    p-Phenylenediamine (PPD)

    Function: Hair dye primary intermediate

    The base material of permanent hair dyes; synthetically produced with no animal source. It poses no halal issue, but it is a strong allergen and its high content in mixtures sold as "black henna" can cause skin burns.

  • Resorcinol

    Plant-based

    Resorcinol

    Function: Hair dye coupler

    A synthetic material used as a colour coupler in hair dyes.

  • Hydrogen Peroxide

    Halal

    Hydrogen peroxide

    Function: Oxidising agent, bleach

    An inorganic compound of water and oxygen; used as the oxidiser in hair bleaches and dyes.

  • Ammonium Hydroxide

    Halal

    Ammonium hydroxide

    Function: Alkalising agent, hair bleach

    An inorganic base used in hair dyes to open the hair cuticle.

  • Ammonium Persulfate

    Halal

    Ammonium persulfate

    Function: Hair bleach

    The main material of hair bleaching powders; an inorganic salt.

  • Ammonium Thioglycolate

    Plant-based

    Ammonium thioglycolate

    Function: Perming, hair straightening

    A synthetic material that breaks the sulfur bonds of hair in perming and straightening.

  • Lawsonia Inermis

    Plant-based

    Henna

    Function: Natural hair and skin dye

    A plant dye obtained from henna leaf; pure henna gives an orange-red colour. ⚠️ Products sold as "black henna" are usually not pure henna but have PPD added and can cause serious skin reactions. The ingredient list should state only Lawsonia Inermis.

  • Indigofera Tinctoria

    Plant-based

    Indigo

    Function: Natural hair dye

    A blue-black plant dye from the indigo plant; mixed with henna to obtain dark shades and the plant alternative to PPD.

  • Basic Blue 99

    Plant-based

    Basic Blue 99

    Function: Semi-permanent hair dye

    A synthetic cationic dye used in semi-permanent hair colours.

  • Zinc Pyrithione

    Plant-based

    Zinc pyrithione

    Function: Antidandruff

    A synthetic antifungal used in antidandruff shampoos.

  • Piroctone Olamine

    Plant-based

    Piroctone olamine

    Function: Antidandruff

    A synthetic antidandruff agent alternative to zinc pyrithione.

  • Selenium Disulfide

    Halal

    Selenium disulfide

    Function: Antidandruff

    A compound of mineral origin used in medicated antidandruff shampoos.

  • Sulfur

    Halal

    Sulfur

    Function: Acne and dandruff care

    A natural mineral element.

  • Coal Tar

    Plant-based

    Coal tar

    Function: Psoriasis and dandruff care

    Obtained by distilling coal; of mineral origin.

  • Potassium Alum

    Halal

    Potassium alum

    Function: Natural deodorant, astringent

    The natural mineral salt known as alum; used as a natural alternative to aluminium chlorohydrate.

  • Zinc Ricinoleate

    Plant-based

    Zinc ricinoleate

    Function: Odour absorber

    The zinc salt of castor oil acid; it binds odour rather than masking it.

  • Triclosan

    Plant-based

    Triclosan

    Function: Antibacterial

    A synthetic antibacterial. No halal issue; its use has been restricted in many products due to environmental concerns.

  • Benzalkonium Chloride

    Plant-based

    Benzalkonium chloride

    Function: Antimicrobial, preservative

    A synthetic cationic antiseptic.

  • Nitrocellulose

    Plant-based

    Nitrocellulose

    Function: Nail polish film former

    Produced from plant cellulose; it forms the film of nail polish on the nail.

  • Ethyl Acetate

    Plant-based

    Ethyl acetate

    Function: Solvent

    A synthetic solvent used in nail polish and acetone alternatives. Despite the "ethyl" in its name it is not the ethanol in alcoholic drinks; it is an ester and is not intoxicating.

  • Tosylamide/Formaldehyde Resin

    Plant-based

    Tosylamide/formaldehyde resin

    Function: Nail polish adhesion

    A synthetic resin that makes nail polish adhere to the nail.

  • HEMA

    Plant-based

    HEMA

    Function: Gel polish monomer

    A synthetic monomer that cures under UV in gel polishes; it carries a high allergy risk.

  • Isopropyl Alcohol

    Plant-based

    Isopropyl alcohol

    Function: Solvent, antiseptic

    A synthetic alcohol used as a disinfectant. IMPORTANT: it is NOT the ethanol found in alcoholic drinks; it cannot be drunk and is toxic rather than intoxicating. Most scholars therefore assess non-intoxicating industrial alcohols separately.

  • Propanediol

    Plant-based

    Propanediol

    Function: Humectant, solvent

    A glycol produced by fermenting corn sugar; the plant alternative to propylene glycol.

  • 1,2-Hexanediol

    Plant-based

    1,2-Hexanediol

    Function: Humectant, preservative booster

    A synthetic glycol; it boosts the effect of preservatives.

  • Glyceryl Caprylate

    Doubtful

    Glyceryl caprylate

    Function: Preservative booster, emulsifier

    An ester of glycerin and caprylic acid; the glycerin portion may be plant or animal derived.

  • Sodium Levulinate

    Plant-based

    Sodium levulinate

    Function: Preservative

    The salt of levulinic acid obtained from corn starch; common in natural cosmetics.

  • Sodium Hydroxymethylglycinate

    Doubtful

    Sodium hydroxymethylglycinate

    Function: Preservative

    A preservative derived from glycine; glycine may be synthetic or come from protein hydrolysis.

  • Riboflavin

    Doubtful

    Riboflavin (vitamin B2)

    Function: Vitamin, yellow colourant

    Listed as E101 in food. Commercial production is by microbial fermentation, but milk and egg derived versions also exist.

  • Cyanocobalamin

    Plant-based

    Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12)

    Function: Vitamin

    Vitamin B12 is commercially produced by bacterial fermentation; it is not extracted from animal tissue.

  • Phytonadione

    Plant-based

    Phytonadione (vitamin K1)

    Function: Capillary care

    Vitamin K1; found in plants and produced synthetically.

  • Thiamine

    Plant-based

    Thiamine (vitamin B1)

    Function: Vitamin

    Vitamin B1; the thiamine used in cosmetics is synthetically produced.

  • Folic Acid

    Plant-based

    Folic acid

    Function: Vitamin

    Vitamin B9; the folic acid used in cosmetics is synthetic.

  • CI 77288

    Halal

    Chromium oxide green

    Function: Colourant

    A green pigment of mineral origin.

  • CI 74160

    Plant-based

    Copper phthalocyanine (blue)

    Function: Colourant

    A synthetic blue pigment.

  • CI 75810

    Plant-based

    Chlorophyllin (green)

    Function: Colourant

    A green colourant obtained from plant chlorophyll; listed as E141 in food.

  • CI 16035

    Plant-based

    Allura red

    Function: Colourant

    A synthetic azo dye; listed as E129 in food and a synthetic alternative to carmine.

  • CI 60730

    Plant-based

    Ext. Violet 2

    Function: Colourant

    A synthetic anthraquinone dye.

  • Maris Sal

    Halal

    Sea salt

    Function: Mineral source, abrasive

    Salt obtained from sea water.

  • Potassium Nitrate

    Halal

    Potassium nitrate

    Function: Desensitising agent

    A mineral salt used in toothpastes for sensitive teeth.

  • Zinc Citrate

    Halal

    Zinc citrate

    Function: Anti-tartar

    The zinc salt of citric acid; used in toothpastes for plaque control.

  • Maltodextrin

    Plant-based

    Maltodextrin

    Function: Carrier, filler

    A polysaccharide produced from corn or potato starch.

  • Oryza Sativa Powder

    Plant-based

    Rice powder

    Function: Mattifying, filler

    A natural powder obtained from rice; used as a talc alternative.

  • Cetyl Palmitate

    Doubtful

    Cetyl palmitate

    Function: Emollient, wax

    An ester of cetyl alcohol and palmitic acid; both components may be animal derived. Also used as the synthetic counterpart of spermaceti wax.

  • Glyceryl Behenate

    Doubtful

    Glyceryl behenate

    Function: Thickener

    An ester of glycerin and behenic acid; the source of the glycerin portion is uncertain.

  • Sorbitan Sesquioleate

    Doubtful

    Sorbitan sesquioleate

    Function: Emulsifier

    An ester of sorbitol and oleic acid; oleic acid may be plant or animal derived.

  • Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine

    Doubtful

    Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine

    Function: Hair conditioning

    A stearic acid derivative; common in silicone-free conditioners, and its source uncertainty comes from the stearic acid.

  • Behenyl Alcohol

    Doubtful

    Behenyl alcohol

    Function: Emollient, thickener

    A fatty alcohol; not the alcohol in drinks, but its source may be plant or animal.

  • Isostearic Acid

    Doubtful

    Isostearic acid

    Function: Emollient, emulsifier raw material

    A branched isomer of stearic acid; it carries the same source uncertainty.

  • Sodium Stearoyl Glutamate

    Doubtful

    Sodium stearoyl glutamate

    Function: Emulsifier

    A compound of stearic acid and glutamic acid; the stearic acid portion may be animal derived.

  • Lauryl Lactate

    Doubtful

    Lauryl lactate

    Function: Emollient

    An ester of lauryl alcohol and lactic acid; the source of the lauryl alcohol must be verified.

  • Sesamum Indicum Seed Oil

    Plant-based

    Sesame oil

    Function: Emollient

    A plant oil pressed from sesame seed.

  • Linum Usitatissimum Seed Oil

    Plant-based

    Linseed oil

    Function: Emollient

    A plant oil obtained from flax seed.

  • Cannabis Sativa Seed Oil

    Plant-based

    Hemp seed oil

    Function: Emollient

    An oil pressed from industrial hemp seed. Seed oil contains no intoxicating substance (THC); in this respect it differs from the plant's resin.

  • Carthamus Tinctorius Seed Oil

    Plant-based

    Safflower oil

    Function: Emollient

    A light plant oil obtained from safflower seed.

  • Brassica Campestris Seed Oil

    Plant-based

    Rapeseed oil

    Function: Emollient

    A plant oil obtained from rapeseed; the raw material of many fatty acid derivatives.

  • Triticum Vulgare Germ Oil

    Plant-based

    Wheat germ oil

    Function: Emollient, vitamin E source

    A plant oil obtained from the wheat germ.

  • Prunus Armeniaca Kernel Oil

    Plant-based

    Apricot kernel oil

    Function: Emollient

    A light plant oil pressed from apricot kernel.

  • Hippophae Rhamnoides Oil

    Plant-based

    Sea buckthorn oil

    Function: Repairing, antioxidant

    An orange plant oil obtained from sea buckthorn fruit.

  • Punica Granatum Seed Oil

    Plant-based

    Pomegranate seed oil

    Function: Antioxidant, emollient

    A plant oil obtained from pomegranate seed.

  • Opuntia Ficus-Indica Seed Oil

    Plant-based

    Prickly pear seed oil

    Function: Emollient, antioxidant

    A plant oil obtained from prickly pear seed.

  • Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil

    Plant-based

    Moringa oil

    Function: Emollient

    A plant oil obtained from moringa tree seed.

  • Sclerocarya Birrea Seed Oil

    Plant-based

    Marula oil

    Function: Emollient

    A plant oil obtained from the kernel of the African marula tree.

  • Camellia Oleifera Seed Oil

    Plant-based

    Camellia seed oil

    Function: Emollient

    A plant oil obtained from the seed of camellia, a relative of the tea plant.

  • Astrocaryum Murumuru Seed Butter

    Plant-based

    Murumuru butter

    Function: Emollient

    A solid plant fat obtained from the kernel of an Amazonian palm.

  • Calophyllum Inophyllum Seed Oil

    Plant-based

    Tamanu oil

    Function: Repairing, emollient

    A plant oil obtained from tamanu tree kernels.

  • Borago Officinalis Seed Oil

    Plant-based

    Borage seed oil

    Function: Emollient

    A plant oil rich in gamma linolenic acid obtained from borage seed.

  • Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf Oil

    Plant-based

    Eucalyptus oil

    Function: Fragrance, refreshing

    An essential oil distilled from eucalyptus leaf.

  • Pelargonium Graveolens Oil

    Plant-based

    Geranium oil

    Function: Fragrance

    An essential oil distilled from the geranium plant.

  • Cymbopogon Citratus Oil

    Plant-based

    Lemongrass oil

    Function: Fragrance

    An essential oil distilled from lemongrass.

  • Thymus Vulgaris Oil

    Plant-based

    Thyme oil

    Function: Antimicrobial, fragrance

    An essential oil distilled from thyme.

  • Salvia Officinalis Oil

    Plant-based

    Sage oil

    Function: Fragrance, astringent

    An essential oil distilled from sage.

  • Boswellia Carterii Oil

    Plant-based

    Frankincense oil

    Function: Fragrance

    An essential oil obtained from the resin of the frankincense tree.

  • Santalum Album Oil

    Plant-based

    Sandalwood oil

    Function: Fragrance

    An essential oil distilled from sandalwood.

  • Pogostemon Cablin Oil

    Plant-based

    Patchouli oil

    Function: Fragrance

    An essential oil distilled from patchouli leaf.

  • Cananga Odorata Flower Oil

    Plant-based

    Ylang ylang oil

    Function: Fragrance

    An essential oil distilled from the ylang ylang flower.

  • Citrus Aurantium Amara Flower Oil

    Plant-based

    Neroli oil

    Function: Fragrance

    An essential oil distilled from the bitter orange blossom.

  • Juniperus Communis Fruit Oil

    Plant-based

    Juniper oil

    Function: Fragrance, astringent

    An essential oil distilled from juniper berries.

  • Vanillin

    Plant-based

    Vanillin

    Function: Fragrance, flavour

    The main aroma component of vanilla; commercial vanillin is synthesised from wood lignin or petrochemically.

  • Methyl Salicylate

    Plant-based

    Methyl salicylate

    Function: Fragrance, warming

    The main component of wintergreen oil; also produced synthetically.

  • Urtica Dioica Extract

    Plant-based

    Nettle extract

    Function: Hair care

    An extract from nettle leaf and root.

  • Equisetum Arvense Extract

    Plant-based

    Horsetail extract

    Function: Hair and nail care

    A silicon-rich extract from the horsetail plant.

  • Arctium Lappa Root Extract

    Plant-based

    Burdock root extract

    Function: Scalp care

    An extract from burdock root.

  • Betula Alba Extract

    Plant-based

    Birch extract

    Function: Purifying

    An extract from birch bark and sap.

  • Tilia Cordata Flower Extract

    Plant-based

    Linden flower extract

    Function: Soothing

    A soothing extract from linden flower.

  • Melissa Officinalis Extract

    Plant-based

    Lemon balm extract

    Function: Soothing

    An extract from lemon balm leaf.

  • Achillea Millefolium Extract

    Plant-based

    Yarrow extract

    Function: Astringent, soothing

    An extract from the yarrow plant.

  • Symphytum Officinale Extract

    Plant-based

    Comfrey extract

    Function: Repairing

    An allantoin-rich extract from comfrey root.

  • Taraxacum Officinale Extract

    Plant-based

    Dandelion extract

    Function: Purifying

    An extract from the dandelion plant.

  • Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract

    Plant-based

    Ginkgo leaf extract

    Function: Antioxidant, circulation

    An extract from ginkgo tree leaf.

  • Echinacea Purpurea Extract

    Plant-based

    Echinacea extract

    Function: Soothing

    An extract from the echinacea flower.

  • Vaccinium Myrtillus Fruit Extract

    Plant-based

    Bilberry extract

    Function: Antioxidant, natural AHA

    An extract from bilberry fruit containing natural fruit acids.

  • Daucus Carota Root Extract

    Plant-based

    Carrot root extract

    Function: Antioxidant, colourant

    A beta carotene rich extract obtained from carrot.

  • Cucurbita Pepo Seed Extract

    Plant-based

    Pumpkin seed extract

    Function: Nourishing, enzymatic exfoliant

    An extract from pumpkin seed.

  • Solanum Lycopersicum Fruit Extract

    Plant-based

    Tomato extract

    Function: Antioxidant

    A lycopene-rich extract obtained from tomato.

  • Citrus Paradisi Extract

    Plant-based

    Grapefruit extract

    Function: Antioxidant, fragrance

    An extract from grapefruit fruit and peel.

  • Malus Domestica Fruit Extract

    Plant-based

    Apple extract

    Function: Natural AHA, moisturising

    An extract from apple containing natural malic acid.

  • Hordeum Vulgare Extract

    Plant-based

    Barley extract

    Function: Soothing

    An extract from barley grain. Although barley malt is used in brewing, the cosmetic extract contains no alcohol.

  • Olea Europaea Leaf Extract

    Plant-based

    Olive leaf extract

    Function: Antioxidant

    An antioxidant extract from olive tree leaf.

  • Rosa Damascena Flower Oil

    Plant-based

    Rose oil

    Function: Fragrance

    An essential oil distilled from the damask rose flower.

  • Sodium Sulfite

    Halal

    Sodium sulfite

    Function: Antioxidant, preservative

    An inorganic salt of mineral origin; used in hair dyes to delay oxidation and listed as E221 in food.

  • Oleth-20

    Doubtful

    Oleth-20

    Function: Emulsifier, solubiliser

    Ethoxylated oleyl alcohol; oleyl alcohol can come from plant oil or from animal fat.

  • Glycol Distearate

    Doubtful

    Glycol distearate

    Function: Pearlising agent, emollient

    A stearic acid ester that gives shampoos their pearly look; the stearic acid may be of plant or animal origin.

  • Stearalkonium Bentonite

    Doubtful

    Stearalkonium bentonite

    Function: Thickener, suspending agent

    A compound of bentonite clay and stearalkonium; the clay portion is mineral, while the stearalkonium portion is a stearic acid derivative and is the source of the uncertainty.

This page is for information only; it is not a halal certificate or a religious ruling. The status of a substance can change with the manufacturer and the production method. (357)