Propan

Detailed information

What it is & how it is made

A straight-chain C3 alkane (C3H8), obtained mostly from the fractional distillation of crude oil and natural gas.

Where it is used

In the EU it is authorised at quantum satis as a propellant only in vegetable oil pan spray (for professional use only) and water-based emulsion spray; it may also be used in colour preparations at a maximum level of 1 mg/kg in the final food.

Health note

In its 2025 re-evaluation (EFSA Journal 2025;23(1):9203) EFSA stated that, because of their physicochemical properties, butane, isobutane and propane are of low toxicological concern and that dietary exposure is very low, concluding that their use at the currently permitted uses and use levels does not raise a safety concern. The Panel also noted that it could not confirm which processes are actually used for food-additive production.

Halal assessment

Its source is fossil (crude oil and natural gas); no animal input is reported. Consult the manufacturer's halal certificate for a definitive answer.